The Child's Civil Relationship under Indonesia's Compilation of Islamic Law: Reconciling Legal Legitimacy, Biological Paternity, and Guardianship Obligations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46870/jhki.v6i1.1636Keywords:
Biological Father, Extra-marital Child, Civil Relationship, NasabAbstract
This study analyzes the determination of a child's civil status (including lineage, inheritance, guardianship, and marriage) under the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), by identifying inconsistencies within its provisions. The analysis applies legal interpretation to specific articles of the KHI. Article 53 paragraph (1) of the Compilation of Islamic Law states that a woman who is pregnant outside of marriage may be married to the man who caused the pregnancy. However, from a linguistic perspective, the use of the word may in Article 53 paragraph (1) opens the possibility for interpretation that another man, not responsible for the pregnancy, may also marry the pregnant woman. As a consequence, a man who is not the biological father of the child may still acquire a civil legal relationship with the child due to his legal marriage to the mother. Although not the biological father, the man’s legal status toward the child born from his wife is recognized in civil law. This interpretation aligns with the Constitutional Court Decision Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010, which reinterprets Article 43 paragraph (1) of the Marriage Law. Furthermore, Article 53 paragraph (1) of the Compilation of Islamic Law opens new opportunities for the recognition of civil status of children born from unregistered marriages or from the marriage of a pregnant woman to a man who is not the biological father.
References
Admo, Sukoco. Penelitian Kualitatif: Metodologi, Aplikasi, dan Evaluasi. Jakarta: Gunung Agung, 2002.
Afifah, Lilik Andar Yuni. “Penetapan Nasab Anak, Hukum Islam dan Konstitusi terkait Tes DNA sebagai Dalil Keabsahan Anak”, Maqasid: Jurnal Studi Hukum Islam Vol. 13, No. 2 (2024).
Ajeng, Nginggar Radindi. “Pemberian Wasiat Wajibah Bagi Anak Luar Kawin Dalam Hukum Islam,” Jurnal Hukum Ius Publicum, Vol. 4, No. 2 (2023).
Al-Asqalani, Ibn Hajar. Fath al-Barry. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 975.
Asshiddiqie, Jimly. Pengantar Ilmu Hukum Tata Negara. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2012.
Basyir, Ahmad Azhar. Hukum Perkawinan Islam. Yogyakarta: UII Press, 2000.
Badruddin, Ahmad, Aziz Maulana. “Analisis Pasal 53 Kompilasi Hukum Islam tentang Perkawinan Wanita Hamil Perspektif Maqāşid Syarī’ah” Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam Hikamuna Vol. 5, No. 2 (2024).
Bungin, Burhan. Metodologi Penelitian Sosial. Sidoarjo: Airlangga University Press, 2001.
Faizal, Nadya. “Wasiat Wajibah terhadap Anak Angkat dalam Pasal 209 KHI (Tinjauan Filsafat Hukum Islam)” Jurnal Ar-Risalah, Vol. 2, No. 2 (2022).
Georgina, Agatha. “Pembuktian dan Pengesahan Anak Luar Kawin serta Akibat Hukumnya setelah Putusan MK No. 46/PUU‑VIII/2010” Indonesian Notary, Vol. 3, No. 1 (2021)
Ghifari, Achmad. Hukum Keluarga Islam & Tantangan Modern. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 2022.
---------. Perbandingan Kedudukan Hak Waris Anak Luar Kawin berdasarkan Hukum Islam dan Hukum Perdata. Jember: Universitas Jember Press, 2022.
Indonesia. Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 tentang Penyebarluasan Kompilasi Hukum Islam
Indonesia. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1974 Nomor 1.
Kharisudin. Nikah Siri dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Undang‑Undang Perkawinan Indonesia. Surabaya: Perspektif Press, 2022.
Ma’arif, Ahmad Syafii. Membumikan Hukum Islam Melalui Maqashid Syariah. Yogyakarta: Lembaga Studi Agama dan Filsafat [LSAF], 2005.
Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia. Pedoman Pengadilan Agama dalam Menangani Perkara Nasab. Jakarta: Badan Litbang Diklat Kumdil, 2018.
Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia. Putusan Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 tentang Pengujian Pasal 43 ayat (1) UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 terhadap UUD 1945, diputus tanggal 17 Februari 2012.
Marzuki. Metodologi Riset. Yogyakarta: Ekonisia, 2005.
Mas’ud, Muhammad Khalid. Islamic Legal Philosophy: A Study of Abu Ishaq al Syathiby, Life and Thought, diterjemahkan oleh Ahsin Muhammad, Filsafat Hukum Islam. Bandung: Pustaka, 1996.
Mestika, Zed. Metode Penelitian Kepustakaan. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 2008.
Moleong, Lexy J. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2017.
Mudzhar, M. Atho. Hukum Keluarga Islam di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2010.
------------. Pendekatan Studi Islam dalam Teori dan Praktek. Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana, 1992.
Nuruddin, Amir dan Azhari Akmal Tarigan. Hukum Perdata Islam di Indonesia: Studi Kritis Perkembangan Hukum Islam Dari Fikih, UU no. 1 Tahun 1974 Sampai KHI. Jakarta: Kencana, 2004.
Qowiyul, Rifqi Iman. Anak Luar Kawin: Status dan Perlindungannya dalam Tinjauan Hukum Islam. Malang: Literasi Nusantara Abadi, 2022.
Rahardjo, Satjipto. Pemanfaatan Ilmu Sosial Bagi Pengembangan Ilmu Hukum. Bandung: Alumni, 1977.
Rofiq, Ahmad. Hukum Islam di Indonesia. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada, 2001.
Sabir, Muhammad. “Problematika Perkawinan Wanita Hamil dan Implementasi KHI Pasal 53 di Pengadilan Agama” Hukum Islam Vol. 21, No. 1 (2021).
Tim Literasi Nusantara Abadi. Kompilasi Hukum Islam Beserta Penjelasannya, edisi 1. Malang: Literasi Nusantara Abadi, 2021.
Yafie, Ali. Pandangan Islam terhadap Kependudukan dan Kekeluargaan Berencana. Jakarta: Lembaga Kemaslahatan Keluarga Nahdlatul Ulama dan BKKBN, 1982.
Zainudin, Ahmad. Telaah Kritis Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2021.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 QISTHOSIA : Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Indonesia
